Apparatus for producing dressing



Jan. '1, 1957 Filed April 22, 19.53

M. H. JOFFE ET AL 2,776,119

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING DRESSING 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 @okal" Cooker Coo/er Coo/er Z! ConiZ/nen INVENTORS 1957 M. H. JOFFE ET AL 2,776,119

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING DRESSING Filed April 22, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 93 m A 7 Y A -75 I 30 -52 39 m5 2, E A

110 I 17 7 0 9- a i 95 J0? v l ag EA'Z? .45 :94 5 7 .39 "Y" 36 United States Patent ice 2,776,119, APPARATUS on PRoDUcING DRESSING: Morris H. Jofte and Melvin Lips n uz, l u asw iassignors to The Ernulsol Egg 'Produets Cdrp H n, it es"? 1-; tPt-Qfi??? m sfit pp io pr .5 SerialNo 359;115. 11 Claims. ((3152 4) ofsalad dressing a starch base is suitably cobkedinja cooker, then transferred to a cooler for coolingithe sa'rne and then, transferred into a premixer along 'withfdesired proportions of eggs, oil, vinegar and seasoningwliere the ingredients are'premixed and blended. The resulting mixture of the required. ingredients i'sthen transferred from the premixer through a mixture conduit at 'a substantially constant rate in a flowing strearri to an emulsifying apparatus such as a colloid mill. or the like; "An inert 'gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide or the like is introduced into the mixture in the flowing stream'path in the mixture conduit, whereby the combined niixt u're :and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus webmplete the emulsion. The emulsion is then" transferred to a container or hopper of a'jar filling machine orthedik. Preferably the foregoing process carriedonina'c'on- :tinuous or semi-continuous manner for maximumproductidn' purposes. The introduction of f theiiii'rt gas .into the mixture results in the production of aye'ry fine dressing having desirable physical characteristics and Itex tu're, having noseparatiofland' hence' long".'shlf life, ran d havinglong keeping qualities. Such a'metl iodaiid :appara'tus' for producing dressings aregenerallydisdldsd inf Epstein et al. Patent No. 1,949,79'1' granfed Mar .1934. MW

The foregoing method for producing dressings has not had wideiommer'cial usage althcSiighina'iiy attempts hate been madam practice the s a'rin'e ori a basisf One bf the 'majorideterring"factors has B: :iriability to'introdilce properly the inert ga s i ri to th'ernix at -comrnercially satisfactory. This is due in larg the'ifact that dressings of this character tcate'emulsi'on systems.

h r i s p b c o i i ent o is amer i s a Q eYQd et sd fe par t rf s 2 8. .9 d ssings: and more particularly forintrodu i'the" nert .ntd m f n mri QYsma B :trans fer'red to theernulsifying apparatus H iirnprovedfandmore uniform endprosl, It i -rt'gas': "introduced into the dres its char Y fis'ticsl are unfavorably altered and the kee' n'g air es i m ish i i nd f d'm c nert 8%?1 e :the'rein" its characteristics are also unfavor'abl 'a the product will settleL If the introduc ion 'i rt. gas is not uniform in the co'ntinu v rti nuous'process, thefcharacteristifi of th 'will not be'uniform. In aecordan e with tli J @fiifilifetus ,of this. invention c gas areiuiii formly. introduced I! v v theresult that "the [end 'producti hasinost' been the coolers. At the same time the other cooler may be 2,776,119 Fatented Jan. 1, 1957 2 an end product which is at all times uniform, which has most favorable characteristics and which isaccomplished withoutfladverse effect on the stability of the emulsion system.

Other objects and'advantages ofthis invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the accompanying specification, claims and drawings'in which:

Figure l is an illustration of an apparatus for producing salad dressing in accordance with this invention; V

Figure 2 isawiring diagram of the control means illustrated'inFigure l; I l

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional viewof a fitting for dispersing inert 'gas in the salad 'dressing mixture.

As apparatus for producing dressing such' as salad dressin 'i'ri accordance with this invention is illustrated in;'E"u re'1'. A pair of cookers 10 and 11 are provided suitable heating means for cooking fa starcli base used as an ingredient in the salad dressing; The cookers 10 andi lil; are also provided with agitating means for agitating the starch base as it is being cookedf-"these agitatinghneans being driven by suitable'drive'members 1 2 and' l3if The cooked starch baseis'withdr'avi n'frorn the cookers 10 and IIthrongh'VaIveS 14 and F15 and-a conduit 16 by' means of a pump 7 fdr iven by arr'electric Iiiotoi IS and is transferred to either cooler 2 0 oi- 2 1 under the control of a three way valve 19. *Tlre coo lers 20 and 21 are providedwith suitable cooling ma nets cooling the cooked starch base. "The coolers ar e also prdvidedwith suitable agitators for agitatingthe'starch base as it is "being cooled and these agitators are driven suitable drive means '22 and 23. The cooled starch base is then withdrawn from the coolers 2 0 l'andf21 through shut-off valves 24 and 25 and aconduit 26 by "means of a pump 27 driven byan electric mo tor "The Withdrawn starch base is directed by aj three wayl valve 29 into either of two premixers 3t} and" 31 The other iii 'redients of "the salad dressing are assembied. the base in the premixers 3 01'ar11d 31'and are mixed sar s together therein, the other ingredients includingleggs,

'premixer s 3l) and 31 is withdrawn therefroni through shutfoffivalves 34 and 35 and a mixture cond uiti3fiib'y means of a pump 38'driven by an electric motori 39. A T-fi tting 37 is interposed in the mixture conduit 3 6..up strearrifroin the pump 38 as shown or downstream therefrom for introducing an inert gas into theflovvirig stream of the mixture in the mixture conduit 36 The combined mixtureof the dressing mixture and the gas [is delivered toan emulsifying apparatus such as a colloidrnill 40 driven by an electric motor 41 wherein .the combined mixture 'and'gas are treated to complete thefem'u lsion. The emulsified dressing is discharged fromithe colioid mill 40 through a conduit 42 into' a" cqntainer may be a hopper of a jar filling machine. i i

""Tw-o' setsof cookers, coolers and premixers are preferably utilized so that the apparatus will produce the dressing in a substantially continuous manner. Flor e);- arnple,' while the starch base is being cooked in onegof the cookers, the cooked starch base in the other cooker ma y b'e withdrawn therefrom and transferred .to orielof dispharging cooled starch base into oneiofv the premixers while the mixture is being withdrawn from the other premixer and being supplied to the emulsifier. This manipulation of the cookers, coolers and premlxers to provide a substantially continuous process is afforded by the shut-off valves, the pumps and the three way valves- Of course, more cookers, coolers and premixers may be utilized if desired toward this end.

The inert gas, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or the like, may be supplied from suitable gas bottles 45 having a pressure regulating device 46 provided with gauges 47 and 48 for indicating the gas pressure within the bottles 45 and the gas pressure being delivered by the regulator 46. The inert gas is conducted by a gas conduit 49 from the pressure regulator 46 to the fitting 37 in the mixture conduit 36.

The fitting 37 for introducing the inert gas into the dressing mixture is illustrated in more detail in Figure 3. It is preferably a standard sanitary T-fitting having straight through legs 51 and 52 which are provided with screw threaded flanges for receiving nuts 53 and 54 for securing the fitting in the sanitary mixture conduit 36. The other leg 55 of the T-fitting is also provided with a screw threaded flange for receiving a nut 57 which clamps a plug 56 in place in this leg. The plug 56 is made in two parts; one part carrying the gas conduit 49 and the other part 58 being screw threaded thereto. A gasket 59 seals the junction between the two parts. The part 58 carries a porous disc 60 which is preferably made of stainless steel and the porous disc 60 is held in place by spinning over the end of the part 58 as indicated at 61. The inert gas supplied by the gas conduit 49 penetrates through the porous disc 60 and since the porous disc 60 is contacted by the flowing stream of the salad mixture the inert gas is uniformly and evenly dispersed in the salad mixture. Because the plug 56 is made of two parts it may be readily disassembled for cleaning purposes.

Referring again to Figure l a pressure responsive switch 64 is connected into the gas conduit 49 by a T-fitting 65 so that it responds to the gas pressure. This pressure responsive switch 64 includes a mercury switch 86 which is tilted to the on position or closed position when the gas pressure is within predetermined high and low limits and which is tilted to the off position or open position when the gas pressure rises above the high limit or falls below the low limit. These limits of the switch may be adjusted to desired values. In this respect the pressure regulator may be adjusted to supply gas at substantlally 90 pounds per square inch and the high limit of the pressure responsive switch may be set at 100 pounds per square inch and the lower limit at 70 pounds per square inch. Also located in the gas conduit 49 down stream from the pressure responsive switch 64 is a flow meter 66 such as a Fischer and Porter Flowrator. This flow meter 66 operates to indicate the rate of flow of gas through the gas conduit 49. A three way valve 67 operated by a solenoid 68 is located in the gas conduit 49 up stream from the flow meter 66 and it controls a bypass connection around the flow meter 66, the bypass connection being indicated at 69. When the solenoid 68 is deenergized the three way valve 67 is operated to open the bypass connection 69 to apply gas pressure on the outlet side of the flow meter 66. When the solenoid 68 is energized, the three way valve 67 is operated to close the bypass connection 69 and to direct the flow of gas through the flow meter 66.

A shut-oif valve 70 operated by a solenoid 71 is connected in the gas conduit 49 down stream from the flow meter 66. When the solenoid 71 is deenergized the shutoff valve 70 is closed, and when the solenoid is energized the shut-off valve is opened. Also located in the gas conduit 49 is a control valve 72 which is utilized for controlling the rate of flow of gas through the gas conduit 49. This control valve 72 is adjusted in accordance with the flow rates indicated by the fiow meter 66 to maintain a desired rate of flow. The control valve 72 is shown to be down stream from the shut off valve 70, but it may be located in other places in the gas conduit 49 such as up stream from the pressure responsive switch 64. A lift type check valve 73 is also preferably located in the gas conduit 49 for preventing any salad mixture from entering the gas conduit, if it is inclined to do so.

A control means responsive to operation of the pump 38 and the operation of the pressure responsive switch 64 is utilized for controlling the solenoids 63 and 71 of the valves 67 and 70, respectively. This control means may include a panel 75 having suitable control switches and the like, indicating lamps 76 and 77, a relay 78, a relay 79 and a timer 80. The details of the control means and the wiring thereof are illustrated in the wiring diagram of Figure 2.

The pressure responsive switch means 64 operates the mercury switch 86 in the manner described above. The solenoid 68 includes an operating coil 87 and the solenoid 71 includes an operating coil 88. The relay 78 includes an operating coil 89 for operating a switch blade 90 with respect to contacts 91 and 92. When the operating coil 89 is deenergized, the switch blade 90 engages the contact 91 and when the operating coil 89 is energized the switch blade 90 engages the contact 92. This relay 78 controls the signal lamps 76 and 77, the signal lamp 76 preferably being red and the signal lamp 77 preferably being green. The relay 79 includes an operating coil 93 for operating a switch blade 94 with respect to a contact 95, the arrangement being such that when the operating coil 93 is energized the switch blade 94 engages the contact 95 and when it is deenergized, the switch blade 94 separates from the contact 95. The timer 80 includes an operating coil 96 for operating after a time interval a switch blade 97 with respect to a contact 98. The arrangement is such that when the operating coil 96 is energized for a predetermined time interval, say for example seven seconds, the switch blade 97 is moved into engagement with the contact 98. When the operating coil 96 is deenergized, the switch blade 97 is immediately moved out of engagement with the contact 98. This timer for operating in this manner may be of any desired construction and means are preferably provided for adjusting the time interval thereof.

The operating coil 93 of the relay 79 is connected by conductors 100 and 101 to the motor 39 which drives the pump 38 so that when the motor 39 is operated to drive the pump 38 the operating coil 93 is energized to close the switch means operated thereby. Power is supplied to the control means by conductors 102 and 103 leading from some source of power not shown. The switch means of the relay 79 and the mercury switch 86 of the pressure responsive device 64 are connected in series with the operating coil 89 of the relay 78 for controlling the operation thereof. When the motor 39 is operating to drive the pump 38 so as to energize the relay 79, and when the gas pressures are within the prescribed high and low values, a circuit is completed through the operating coil 89 of the relay 78, this circuit extending from line wire 102 through contact 95, switch blade 94, wires 104 and 106, mercury switch 86, wire 107, operating coil 89 and wire 105 back to the other line 103. When this occurs, the switch blade 90 of the relay 78 is moved into engagement with the contact 92 to complete a circuit through the green signal light 77, this circuit extending from the line wire 102 through switch contact 95, switch blade 94, wire 104, switch blade 90, contact 92, green signal light 77 and wire 105 back to the line wire 103. As a result the green signal light 77 indicates safe operation. If, however, the motor 39 driving the pump 38 is stopped, or, the gas pressure rises above the high limit or falls below the low limit, the circuit to the operating coil 89 of the relay 78 is deenergized whereupon the switch blade 90 moves into engagement with the contact 91. If the relay 79 is energized, a circuit is completed through the red signal light 76, thecircuit being traced from the line wire 102 through contact 95, switch blade 94, conductor 104, switch blade 90, contact 91,

red signal light 76 and conductor 105 back to the other line wire 1035 Thus, when the motor 39 driving the pump 384s not operating, the signal lights76 and-77 a'r'ei both-extinguished for indicating this condition. If the motor'39 is operating, and the gas pressure is above the high valueor below-the low value, then the red signal light -isilluminated for indicating this condition and if the gaspressure'is within the prescribed high and low limits, then the green signal light 77 =isilluminatd for indicating this condition. i

The switch m eans ofthe relay 79.--and the mercury switchv 86 0f thepressure responsivedevice 64 are also connected in series withitheloperating coil'96of. theitime'r 80. Thus,.wh en .the. motor. 39/ driving the pump 38 is operatingand the gaspressure .is withinltheprescribed limits, a circuit is completed from the line wire 102 through contacti95 switch .blade.94,;.wires 164. and 106, mercury switch 86,- wire 108,t,operating .coil 96sand line wire.1(l3 for energizingthe operatinglcoil.96., Following .a pre: determined time interval .after. energizationof the operat: ing.coil.96,-.the.s'witch blade 97-. is moved into engagement withthe contact 98.for energizing the solenoids 81 and.88. Thisenergizingcircuit extends fromthe line. wire. 102 through contact 95, switch blade,9.4,, ,wires.,104, and.,.10.6, mercury switchfie wire 108, switch-blade 97,.-contact 98,,:wire..109,..through the, operatingcoils 87 and88 in paralleland wire 110 backfltothe other. line wire, 10,3, Under these conditions the solenoids 68 and 71 arethen operated. If .the motor 39. drivingthepump 38 is stopped so asto, .deenergize. therelay 79 or if the gas pressure rises above the high, limit ,or falls below thelow limit, this circuitis, interrupted and the solenoids 68; and 7;1';are immediately deenergized.

For-,purposes of describing the operation ofthe app s vo t s i n i it as ume at. the ingre i t forthe saladare premixed and blended in thepremixer ,and are ready for emulsifying. The pressure regulator 46 is then operated to supply gas to the gas conduit 4? at the desired pressure and when this is done the mercury switch 86 ;of .the pressureresponsive device .64 ;is

closed. The solenoid operated shut-oif valve 70 ;is closed and the three way .valve 67 operatedby the solenoid68 is opened tothe bypass connection 69 toapply. gas pres; sure to the outlet side of theflow meter 66. Thevalve 341m the; outlet side of the premixer 30is then opened and the motor 39is operated for operating the pump 38 to withdraw the mixture. from the premixer 30 through the mixture conduit 36 for delivering the same to the colloid mill 4t Immediately upon starting the motor 39 the timer .SOis then placed in operation and the green signal, light 77; is illuminated. Following the predetermined time interval, the timer 80 then operatesthe solenoids 63 and 71' to close the three way valve 67, to the bypass connection 69 and direct the gas through theflow meter 66 andto open theshut-oif valve 70. Gas is then supplied through the gas conduit 49, the .fiow. meter: 66

andthe control. valye 72 to the fitting .37 for introducing the gas into .the mixture in the mixture conduit 36.] Due to the. time delay brought about by the timen the gas is delivered to the fitting. 37 at about the same time that the mixture is delivered thereto and the gas is delivered at the desiredrate. which is. determined by the fiowi meter 66 and the control valvej72 and this is done without any surging. Because the, gas had previously been placed on thelout let side of the flow. meter 66 there is no surge of gasthrough the flow meter whenthe valve 70. is opened and-the three way valve 67 is operated to supply gasto the ilow meter.. in this Way surging of the gas is entirely prey ented whichuprevents surging of .the fiow meter 66 and eliminates possiblebreaxage thereof and'which prevents? delivering excess gas, to the fitting 37. The control valvefli operating in conjunction with the flow meter 66 operates to regulate the rate offiow of the gas to the fitting fi'llandto maintain the rate of flow substantially constant at the" desired value. 7 Since the rate of new mg mat e-thread t mix .cohduit s s stantially constant, the correct proportions of gas are uniformly dispersed into/themixture'; Preferably; the amount of gas'so dispersed into thelmixture is three to five percent by volume Thecombined mixture and' gas are treated in the colloid mill 40for completing theemulf sion which is thendelivered into the container 43'.

If the gas pressure, should fall belowth'e low limit so that suflicient gas would not be supplied to the fitting 37th'en the "pressure responsive switch 64- operates to close. the valve 70 and open the three way valve 67 to the bypass connection69. This shuts off the flow of gas through the gas conduit 49. At the same time the green signal light -77 -is extinguished and the red signal light 76 is illuminated to show this condition whereupon the operator of the apparatus shuts on the motor 39 and stops operation of the pump 38. If during operation thepump38 should be -stopped, theirelay 79.i's deenergized and this immediately operates to close the valve 70 and open the three way valve 6710 the bypass connection 69; Under these conditions, therefore, the fiow of gas is immediately stopped, and both signal lights '76 and 77 are extinguished to indicate this condition. ,1

While for purposes of illustration one form of this invention has been disclosed other forms thereof maybecome apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to this. disclosure and; therefore, this invention is" to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

We claim. as our invention:

1. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are asseinbled and premixed, andemulsifying apparatus, means including a pump and a mixture conduit extending between the container and the emulsifying apparatus for withdrawing the mixture from the container and transferring the same at a substantially constant rate in a flowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and means including a gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the flowing stream of the mixture whereby the combined mixture and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvebperatively connected with said pump, shut off valve and three way valve for closing the shut as valve and opening the three way valve to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the pump is not operating and including timing means for opening the shut off valve and closing the three way valve to the bypass connection a predetermined time after the pump" is started to prevent surgingof the flow meter and to introduce the gas into the mixture at substantially. the constant desired rate without substantial surging.

2. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are assembled'and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including a pump and a mixture conduit extending between the container and the emulsifying apparatus for withdrawing the mixture from the container and transferring the same at a substantially constant rate in a flowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and means including a gas conduit connecting .the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the flowing stream of the mixture whereby the combined mixture and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a T-fittinghaving its straight throughlegs connected. in the-mixtureconduit, an aperturedplug connectedinthe other leg of the T-fitting and connected ,to

the gas conduit, and a porous disc secured in the plug and contacted by the mixture and passing the gas for uniformly dispersing the gas in the mixture, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating the rate of flow of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a shut off valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter, a bypass connection around the flow meter, a three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the flow meter and controlling the bypass connection, and control means operatively connected with said pump, shut off valve and three way valve for closing the shut off valve and opening the three way valve to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the pump is not operating and including timing means for opening the shut otf valve and closing the three way valve to the bypass connection a predetermined time after the pump is started to prevent surging of the flow meter and to introduce the gas into the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging.

3. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are assembled and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including a pump and a mixture conduit extending between the container and the emulsifying apparatus for withdrawing the mixture from the container and transferring the same at a substantially constant rate in a flowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and means including a gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the flowing stream of the mixture whereby the combined mixture and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating the rate of flow of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a solenoid shut off valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter and normally closing the same, a bypass connection around the flow meter, a solenoid three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the flow meter and controlling the bypass connection and normally opening the bypass connection, a timer including an operating coil and switch means which are closed a predetermined time after energizing the operating coil, electrical connections connecting the solenoid shut off valve and the solenoid three way valve to the switch means of the timer, a relay noid shut ott valve is opened and the solenoid three way valve is closed to the bypass connection a predetermined time after the pump is started to prevent surging of the flow meter and to introduce the gas into the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging.

4. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are assembled and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including a pump and a mixture conduit extending between the container and the emulsifying apparatus -for withdrawing the mixture from the container and transferring the same at a substantially constant rate in a flowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and means including a gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the flowing stream of the mixture whereby the combined mixture and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating the rate of flow of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a shut ofi valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter, a bypass connection around the flow meter, 21 three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the flow meter and controlling the bypass connection, pressure responsive means responsive to the pressure of the inert gas supplied to the gas conduit, and control means operatively connected with said pressure rsponsive means, shut otf valve and three way valve for closing the shut off valve and opening the three way valve to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the gas pressure is above or below predetermined high and low values and including timing means for opening the shut off valve and closing the three way valve to the bypass connection a predetermined time after the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and low values to prevent surging of the flow meter and to introduce gas into the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging.

5. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are assembled and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including a pump and a mixture conduit extending between the container and the emulsifying apparatus for withdrawing the mixture from the container and transferring the same at a substantially constant rate in a flowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and means including a gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the flowing stream of the mixture whereby the combined mixture and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating the rate of flow of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a solenoid shut off valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter and normally closing the same, a bypass connection around the flow meter, a solenoid three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the flow meter and controlling the bypass connection and normally opening the bypass connection, a timer including an operating coil and switch means which are closed a predetermined time after energizing the operating coil, electrical connections connecting the solenoid shut ofl valve and the solenoid three way valve to the switch means of the timer, pressure responsive switch means responsive to the pressure of the inert gas supplied to the gas conduit and which opened when the gas pressure is above or below predetermined high and low values and closed when the gas pressure is within said predetermined high and low values, and electrical connections connecting the pressure responsive switch means to the operating coil of the timer, the arrangement being such that the solenoid shut off valve is closed and the solenoid three Way valve is opened to the bypass connection for "applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the gas pressure is above or below the predetermined high and low values and that the solenoid shut ofi valve is opened and the solenoid three way valve is closed to the bypass connection a predetermined time after the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and low values to prevent surging of the flow meter and to introduce gas into the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging.

6. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which theu'sual required ingredients -are ass'mhled' and ,pter'rii'xed; an emulsifying apparatus, means-manning a.,pufnp and amixtiire entrant-extendirig 'between the container"andtheerriulsifying apparatus for"'withdra'vt' ing'tlie mixtures-om the container transferring the same at "a substantially constant rate in-a flowingstream to the-emulsifying apparatus, a source of iner'ttgasfand means including agas conduitco rinecb irig. the source 'of' inert "gas 'to the mixture conduit for introducihgthe gas into "the flowing stream of "the mixtur'e'wherebyjthe cemhinetrmixtfire and gas are treated in the e'mulsifierapparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement'eonsistin'g of a 'T-fi'tting'haviiig its straight throiigh' legs connected in 'the mixture conduit, an'apenuredplng connected in the otherle'gof the T fittiiig and'conne'cted'tdthegas conduit, and aporous disc secured "in 'theplug and contacted by the mixture and passin thegssror uniformly 'idisp'ersing the gas in :the minute, a flowmeter'inthe'gas conduit for-measuring the raftehfhow'kifthe inert gas, anda control valve 'in'th'e gas coiidiiit for' regulating the" rate of new of the inert gasto introdue the same into"the"mixture at a 's'iibsta'ntially constant desired rate, a shut on valve in the gas conduit downstream from the 'fiow metena by- I pass eonneetronaround the flow meter, a three way valve in "wa es conduit u stream from "the new meter and controlling the bypass connection, pressure responsive means responsive 'toth'e pressure of the 'inert g'as'supgplid to the gas conduit, andeent'rol means "op'erzitively connected 'withsaie pressure responsive means, shutoff valve and "three way valve for closing the shut on valve and openingithethree way valve to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of "the"flow"met'er when the gas 'pressur'e'is above or below predetermined high and to'wvaluesandincluding timing means =fo'r'd ening the shut oif valve and closingthe" threeway va lve to "the bypass connection a "predetermined time-*aft r the gasfp'res'sure is within the predetermined high and flow values to p'fvent'surgingfof thefiowmeter and to introducg'as into themixtnr'e'at substantially the constant desired rate'without'substantial 'surg'in'g.

7L In anapparatns forpro'ducin'g a dressing including a container in whichth'e'us'ual' required"ingredientsare assembled and premixed, anemulsifying 'app'aratu'sfmeaiis inclndinga ump and a mixtureconduit extending-between" the container and the emulsifying ap aratus for withdrawing the "mixture from the 'container'andtra nsferrihgthe same ata substantially censtanrrate in a newing stream to theeiriul's'ifyihg apparatus, asourceof inert gas, and meansincluding a gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the heaving stream of the mi Xt ure whereby the 'combinedr'nixture and gas are treated -in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating'the rate'ofcflow o'f-the'inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a shut E valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter, a bypass connection around the flow meter, a three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the flow meter and controlling the bypass connection, pressure responsive means responsive to the pressure of the inert gas supplied to the gas conduit, and control means operatively connected with said pump, pressure responsive means, shut ofi valve and three way valve for closing the shut ofi valve and opening the three way valve to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the pump is not operating or when the gas pressure is above or below predetermined high and low values and including timing means for opening the shut ofi valve and closing the three way valve to the bypass connection a predetermined time after both the pump is started and the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and introduce "gas info the mixture "'at rebate '10 low values to prevent surging of the flow meter and to l Y 'nti'allyfthe eon- "iaufde'sired rate without substantial "surging,

'8. 'In an apparams'rdr prednein' a dressing including'a container'inwhichthe usual'req'uired ingr'edieht's are assembled and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including "a pump and -a mixturecon'cluit extending-hetween "the coiitai'n'e'rand the emulsifying apparatus for Withdr"avviug the mixture from the container and transferring the same at'asuh'staritially constantrate in aflowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source'of inert gas, aridfmeans incliiding a. gas "conduit connectingthe source of inert gas'to the'mmur'e conduit for'iritroducing the. gas into the'flowing stream of the mixture wherebyth'e combined 'mixture and gas are treated inthe emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion,the improvement consisting of, a T fittingfh'avingfits straight through legs connected in the mixture conduit, anapertured'plug connect'ed in the-o'ther leg 'or the T fitti'rig and connected to thergascon duit, and-a porous disc secured inv the'pl ug and contactedbythe'mixture and passing the gas for uniform- 1y 'dispersingthe' gas'i'n the'mixture, a how meter in. the gas conduit for measuring therate of flow of the inert gas, and'a control valve in the gas conduit'forregulating the rateo'f new of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a shut oif valvein the gas conduit downstream from the new meter, -a bypass connection around the flow meter, athree Way'valvein the gas conduit upstream from the new meter and controlling the bypass connection,

pressure responsive means responsive to the pressure of within thepredetermi'ned high and low values to prevent surging ofthe new meter and to introduce gas into. the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging.

9. In an apparatus for 'pwduein a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are assembled and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including a pump anda mixture conduit extending between the container and "the emulsifying apparatus for vvithdrawing the mixture from the container and transferringthe same at a substantially constant rate in a flowingstream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and meansincluding a 'gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas 'totheniixtu're conduit for introducing the gas :into-thefidivihg stream ofl'the mixture whereby the comhined'mixt'ure and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating the rate of flow of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a solenoid shut off valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter and normally closing the same, a bypass connection around the flow meter, a solenoid three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the fiow meter and controlling the bypass connection and normally opening the bypass connection, a timer including an operating coil and switch means which are closed a predetermined time after energizing the operating coil, electrical connections connecting the solenoid shut off valve and the solenoid three way valve to the switch means of the timer, a relay including an operating coil and switch means which are closed upon energizing the operating coil, and electrical connections controlled by the pump for energizing the operating coil of the relay when the pump is operating, pressure responsive switch means responsive to the pressure of the inert gas supplied to the gas conduit and which opened when the gas pressure is above or below predetermined high and low values and closed when the gas pressure is within said predetermined high and low values, and electrical connections connecting the switch means of the relay and the pressure responsive switch means in series to the operating coil of the timer, the arrangement being such that the solenoid shut oif valve is closed and the solenoid three way valve is opened to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the pump is not operating or when the gas pressure is above or below the predetermined high and low values and that the solenoid shut off valve is opened and the solenoid three way valve is closed to the bypass connection a predetermined time after both the pump is started and the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and low values to prevent surging of the flow meter and to introduce gas into the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging.

10. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are assembled and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including a pump and a mixture conduit extending between the container and the emulsifying apparatus for withdrawing the mixture from the container and transferring the same at a substantially constant rate in a flowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and means including a gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the flowing stream of the mixture whereby the combined mixture and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating the rate of flow of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a shut ofi valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter, a bypass connection around the flow meter, a three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the flow meter and controlling the bypass connection, pressure responsive means responsive to the pressure of the inert gas supplied to the gas conduit, and control means operatively connected with said pressure responsive means, shut oif valve and three way valve for closing the shut off valve and opening the three way valve to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the gas pressure is above or below predetermined high and low values and including timing means for opening the shut off valve and closing the three way valve to the bypass connection a predetermined time after the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and low values to prevent surging of the flow meter and to introduce gas into the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging, signal means, and means operatively connected with said pressure responsive means and said signal means for operating said signal means to indicate whether or not the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and low values.

11. In an apparatus for producing a dressing including a container in which the usual required ingredients are assembled and premixed, an emulsifying apparatus, means including a pump and a mixture conduit extending between the container and the emulsifying apparatus for withdrawing the mixture from the container and transferring the same at a substantially constant rate in a flowing stream to the emulsifying apparatus, a source of inert gas, and means including a gas conduit connecting the source of inert gas to the mixture conduit for introducing the gas into the flowing stream of the mixture whereby the combined mixture and gas are treated in the emulsifier apparatus to complete the emulsion, the improvement consisting of, a flow meter in the gas conduit for measuring the rate of flow of the inert gas, and a control valve in the gas conduit for regulating the rate of flow of the inert gas to introduce the same into the mixture at a substantially constant desired rate, a shut off valve in the gas conduit downstream from the flow meter, a bypass connection around the flow meter, a three way valve in the gas conduit upstream from the flow meter and controlling the bypass connection, pressure responsive means responsive to the pressure of the inert gas supplied to the gas conduit, and control means operatively connected with said pump, pressure responsive means, shut oif valve and three way valve for closing the shut off valve and opening the three way valve to the bypass connection for applying gas to the outlet side of the flow meter when the pump is not operating or when the gas pressure is above or below predetermined high and low values and including timing means for opening the shut off valve and closing the three way valve to the bypass connection a predetermined time after both the pump is started and the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and low values to prevent surging of the flow meter and to introduce gas into the mixture at substantially the constant desired rate without substantial surging, signal means, and means operatively connected with said control means and said signal means for operating said signal means to indicate whether or not said pump is operating and whether or not the gas pressure is within the predetermined high and low values.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,949,791 Epstein et a1. Mar. 6, 1934 1,971,852 Goebels Aug. 28, 1934 2,015,056 Barnes Sept. 24, 1935 2,024,479 Short Dec. 17, 1935 2,203,980 Burt June 11, 1940 2,627,394 Spencer Feb. 3, 1953 gig 

